Imagens da Arte: Francesco Albani

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Early years in Bologna

Born at 1572 Bologna, his father was a silk merchant who intended to instruct his son in the same trade; but by age twelve, Albani became an apprentice under the competent mannerist painter Denis Calvaert, where he met Guido Reni. Soon he followed Reni to the so-called "Academy" run by the Carracci family: Annibale, Agostino, and Ludovico. This studio fostered the careers of many painters of the Bolognese school, including Domenichino, Massari, Viola, Lanfranco, Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Pietro Faccini, Remigio Cantagallina, and Reni.

Mature work in Rome

Francesco Albani

In the year 1600, Albani moved to Rome to work in the fresco decoration of the gallery of the Palazzo Farnese, being completed by the studio of Annibale Carracci. Rome, under Clement VIII Aldobrandini (1592-1605) was exhibiting some degree of administrative stability and renewed artistic patronage. While pope Clement was born from a Florentine family residing in Urbino, his family was allied by marriage to the Emilia-Romagna and the Farnese, since Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma had married Margherita Aldobrandini. Parma, like Bologna, are part of the Region of Emilia-Romagna. Thus it was not surprise that Cardinal Odoarde Farnese, Ranuccio's brother, chose the Carraccis from Bologna for patronage, thereby establishing Bolognese predominance of Roman fresco painting for nearly two decades.

Albani became one of Annibale's most prominent apprentices. Using Annibale's designs and assisted by Lanfranco and Sisto Badalocchio, Albani completed frescoes for the San Diego Chapel in San Giacomo degli Spagnoli between 1602-1607. In 1606-7, Albani completed the frescoes in the Palazzo Mattei di Giove in Rome. He later completed two other frescoes in the same palace, also on the theme of Life of Joseph.

In 1609, he completed the ceiling of a large hall with Fall of Phaeton and Council of the Gods for the Palazzo Giustiniani (now Palazzo Odescalchi) at Bassano (di Sutri) Romano. This work was commissioned by the Marchese Vicenzo Giustiniani, famous for also being patron to Caravaggio.

During 1612-14, Albani completed the Choir frescoes at the newly remodeled (by Pietro da Cortona) church of Santa Maria della Pace. In 1616 he painted ceiling frescoes of Apollo and the Seasons at Palazzo Verospi in Via del Corso for the cardinal Fabrizio Verospi.

In later years, Albani developed a mutual, though respectful, rivalry with the more successful Guido Reni, who was also heavily patronized by the Aldobrandini, and under whom Albani had worked under at the chapel of the Palazzo del Quirinale.

Albani's best fresco masterpieces are those on mythological subjects. Among the best of his sacred subjects are a St Sebastian and an Assumption of the Virgin, both in the church of San Sebastiano fuori le Mura in Rome. He was among the Italian painters to devote himself to painting cabinet pictures. His mythological subjects include The Sleeping Venus, Diana in the Bath, Danaë Reclining, Galatea on the Sea, and Europa on the Bull. A rare etching, the Death of Dido, is attributed to him. Carlo Cignani, Andrea Sacchi, Francesco Mola, and Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi were some of his students. On the death of his wife he returned to Bologna, where he married a second time and resided till his death.

Legacy

Albani never acquired the monumentality or tenebrism that was quaking the contemporary world of painters, and in fact, is derided often for his lyric, cherubim-filled sweetness, which often has not yet shaken the mannerist elegance. While Albani's thematic would have appealed to Poussin, he lacked the Frenchman's muscular drama. His style sometimes appears to befit the decorative Rococo more than of his time.

Among the pupils of Albani were his brother Giovanni Battista Albani, and others including Giacinto Bellini, Girolamo Bonini, Giacinto Campagna, Antonio Catalani, Carlo Cignani, Giovanni Maria Galli, Filippo Menzani, Andrea Sacchi, Andrea Sghizzi, Giovanni Battista Speranza, Antonio Maria del Sole, Emilio Taruffi, and Francesco Vaccaro^[1].

Major works

Frescoes in Hall of Aeneas -Palazzo Fava, Bologna
Frescoes in Oratory of San Colombano - Bologna
Frescoes in Hall of Aeneas (1601-1602) - Palazzo Doria Pamphilj, Rome
Frescoes for San Giacomo degli Spagnoli (1602-1607) - Museo del Prado and in Museum of Barcelona
Holy Family with Angels (1608-1610) - MFA, Boston
Allegorical canvases of the seasons Spring,Summer,Fall and Winter (1616-1617) - Galleria Borghese, Rome
Baptism of Christ (c. 1620) - Oil on canvas, 428.5 x 224.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
Diana and Actaeon (1625-1630) - Oil on wood transferred to canvas, 74,5 x 99,5 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
Four Elements (1628-1630) - Pinacoteca, Turin
Holy Family with Angels (1630-1635) - Oil on canvas, 57 x 43 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Self-Portrait (c. 1630) - Oil on canvas, 75 x 59.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
Venus Attended by Nymphs and Cupids (1633) -Oil on canvas, 114 x 171 cm, Prado, Madrid)[1]
Annunciation (1633) - Chiesa di S.Bartolomeo, Bologna
The Annunciation - Oil on copper, 62 x 47 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg[2]
Madonna with Child in Glory with Sts. Jerome and Francis (c. 1640) - oil on copper, 43.5 x 31.8 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
The Baptism of Christ (c. 1640) - Oil on canvas, 268 x 195 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
The Rape of Europa (c. 1640-1645) - Oil on canvas, 170 x 224 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Annunciation (c. 1640-1645) - Oil on copper, 62 x 47 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
The Holy Women at Christ's Tomb (1640s-1650s) - Oil on canvas, 170 x 224 cm, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Danza degli amorini - Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
Tondo Borghese - Galleria Borghese, Rome
Tasso's landscapes - Galleria Colonna, Rome
'Frescoes - Chiesa di Santa Maria di Galliera

Works at the Louvre, Paris

- Acteon Metamorphosis into Hind
- Adonis led by Cupids to Venus (1600)
- Diana and Acteon and Venus and Adone
- Apollo and Daphne
- The Bath of Venus
- Christ appears to Mary Magdalen
- Rest of Venus
- Holy Father and Archangel Gabriel
- Venus disarms Cupids
- Saint Francis of Assisi before Crucifix
- Salmacis and Hermaphrodite
- Nativity

References

Wittkower, Rudolf (1993). Art and Architecture Italy, 1600-1750. Penguin Books, Pelican History of Art. pp. 78–80, 82–83.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The article is available here.